Impact of Environmental Quality on Health Outcomes in Saudi Arabia: Does Research and Development Matter?

Recent literature on the health impacts of CO2 emissions suggests a variety factors that may establish more robust link. However, no previous study has explored role research and development (R&D) in explaining nexus between outcomes. Using data for Saudi Arabia over period 2000–2018, this paper investigates ability R&D (expenditures environmentally related R&D) to reduce incidence population outcomes, particularly infant mortality life expectancy. We find (i) negative outcomes; (ii) expenditures have weak positive impact (iii) additionally their direct effects remarkably enhanced outcomes through reducing per capita emissions; (iv) interact with from electricity heat production negatively influence Similarly, R&D, measured by patents environmental-related technologies, interacts To address these impacts, we calculated corresponding thresholds. Policymakers are therefore called give incentives then improve